Queen Victoria Building

George McRae is credited as the creator of the now well known Queen Victoria Building, famously known as QVB. The structure, finished in 1898, was built as a tribute to the decision ruler when Sydney was experiencing a merciless monetary slump.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Queen Victoria Building explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The complex basic plan of the undertaking was outlined in a way to such an extent that the administration might recruit jobless skilled workers, for example, plasterers, stonemasons, and recolored window artistes to empower them make a nice salary. After its culmination, the structure at first facilitated workplaces, bistros, showrooms, stockrooms, and a presentation lobby. QVB additionally gave convenience to various people occupied with business exercises for instance flower specialists, mercers, tailors and stylists (IPOH, 2011, p.1). As time passed by, the show field was altered to embrace new jobs. For instanc e, a library and different workplaces were set up and more tenants, for example, palmists, piano tuners, and visionary moved in. Later on, the Sydney City Council involved QVB after it experienced a significant rebuilding in 1930s. Despite the fact that the structure was nearly pulled down in 1959, it has developed as a magnificent structure that mirrors the underlying dream of its originator and the great imaginativeness of the craftsmans who worked energetically to build it once more (in the same place. p.2). QVB has more than 148 boutiques, shops, cafés, and bistros on the whole degrees of the structure (Sydney, 2011, p.1). The significant pieces of the structure are made of heavenly recolored glass windows and breathtaking plans. The Sydney’s layer of arm, found on the cartwheel recolored window, mirrors the business exercises cruising ships and the dolphins. The images on the left half of the principal board represent engineering and the Sidney City Council though Ipoh Gardens Berhad, the organization that revamped the structure is spoken to on the third board by letters IGB It is worth to take note of that few images were utilized to perceive those individuals who partook in the rebuilding of the structure (IPOH, 2011, p.4).Advertising Looking for paper on design? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are likewise a few images developed outside the structure. For instance, there are sculptures speaking to Queen Victoria and the Royal Wishing Well raised on Town Hall Palace, outside the structure (TravelOnline, 2011, p.4). The structure brags of two colossal mechanical timekeepers, the Royal Clock and the Great Australian Clock. Along these lines the Great Australian Clock is an image of social concordance among various social gatherings of individuals visiting the Queen Victoria Building (Sydney, 2011, p.5). The structure has various alluring cafés that offer unique administrations. For in stance, The Tea Room is one of the alluring spots that one can visit to take tea. The café gloats of exceptionally qualified culinary experts that make delightful dishes served for the duration of the day under recolored glass and transcending roofs. The spot can likewise be rented to individuals who intend to have private festival at the spot. In this way the Room has a predetermined number of seats (200). The Tearoom additionally has a bar that serves mixed beverages (Restaurant Information, 2011, p.1). Individuals visiting QVB are urged to visit the storm cellar to find out about movement approaches received by the city. The storm cellar has a room where guests are realize why Australia has been fruitful in advancing social combination between the local occupants and foreigners. Likewise part of the storm cellar has food outlets that sell Asian luxuries. Suburbanite administrations are controlled by the legislature. The city has an expansive system of transport administrations. For instance, the white and blue transports are new and clean. The course number is unmistakably shown in front and at the back pieces of the transport. The significant terminal purposes of these transports are situated at Wynyard Park, Circular Quay, the back side of the QVB and focal Railway Station. Vehicle rental administrations are additionally accessible at QVB. Administrators, for example, Europcar, Budget, Hertz and Budget offer such services.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Queen Victoria Building explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More During my visit, I saw that lion's share of the guests wanted to utilize open vehicle since it costs less contrasted with private methods. I noticed that vehicle leaving administrations run by QVB are extravagant in spite of the way that the charge differs with time. For instance, you can leave his vehicle for $17 as long as you do it before 10AM and leave the leaving straight before 7PM. For the individuals who leave a moment late, they pay the day by day rate, pegged at $43. Be that as it may, the stopping charge is normally lower (somewhere in the range of $14 and $24) during ends of the week and nights (Perica, 2005, p.5). The Queen Victoria Building is respected among the socially well known locales that are visited my kin from everywhere throughout the world. I visited the structure on one Sunday evening and got direct understanding about the criticalness of QVB to the City and the individuals who visited it. For instance, I went to Paddy’s Market and checked more than 100 individuals from varying backgrounds attempting to purchase keepsakes to bring home. Notwithstanding, I found that a large number of the guests went there to window shop as opposed to purchase in light of the fact that the vast majority of the veritable Aboriginal figures, hand-made conventional compositions and Aboriginal didgeridoos are exorbitant and constrained in flexibly. A couple of them were anywa y ready to purchase a few less expensive keepsakes to bring home as token (Sydney, 2011, p.4). I likewise discovered that QVB is home to a few significant schedule and celebration occasions that occur each year. Family festivities, for example, wedding commemorations and birthday celebrations are typically normal marvels at QVB. There likewise a few outlets inside and around QVB that sell multicultural treats that are reasonable and in a lot of gracefully (Sydney, 2011, p.5). QVB has an abundant street framework that encourages simple developments of the guests to the site and other significant business and recreational focuses inside the Sydney City.Advertising Searching for exposition on engineering? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More There are two shopping centers, Westfield and Myer toward the north, and Gallery Victoria on the eastern piece of the east, connected to the structure through the underground passerby way. There is additionally an extension than empowers person on foot to enter any of the four entryways of the QVB from the Sydney Hilton. The structure was raised in late nineteenth century. After its fulfillment, the structure was allocated the name Queen Victoria Markets in 1897 as a respect to Queen Victoria who was honoring her Diamond Jubilee. Be that as it may, the name of the structure was later changed in 1918 to Queen Victoria Building (Perica, 2005, p.6). A day or two ago I was watching the clients of Salvatore Ferragamo and tallied the quantity of individuals who did window shopping and genuine shopping, I saw a mother and her high schooler girl who were moving near, doing some window shopping. The little girl went through more than two hours taking a stab at shoes, just to illuminate the sa lesclerk, â€Å"Thanks, however no thanks.† She told the salesclerk she was leaving the store and that she was going to purchase comparative shoes at Amazon and burned through $22 less on the pair (Kirkwood, 2010, p.3). The mother stayed quiet yet when they left the store, she went ballistic. She felt her little girl had burnt through a great deal of time examining shoes, at that point not accepting anything. The mother accepted that the time squandered on window shopping by her little girl could have been utilized by the stores agent help somebody who was happy to get one of the Salvatore Ferragamo items. It is evident that the little girl would not accepting the shoes since it is a lot less expensive obtaining a similar pair from online destinations, for example, eBay than from a shop (Kirkwood, 2010, p.4). This episode uncovers that dominant part of youngsters in this age are techno sharp. Internet shopping has not just risen as the best method to get merchandise yet in ad dition products and ventures cost less. From my perception, it is window shopping is a tedious and tedious movement and a customer may wind up not getting what he expected to purchase. In addition, stores agents in some cases don't assist customers with locating what they need to purchase. Then again, web based shopping destinations, for example, eBay offer an assortment of administrations that fulfill the necessities of customers. Furthermore, internet shopping empowers a customer to analyze costs labels of a similar item offered by various online shops from the solace of a seat. Additionally, web based shopping empowers a purchaser to buy items from any district on the planet (Kirkwood, 2010, p.5). I additionally watched various customers utilizing their cell phones to speak with their companions. Lion's share of them were either sending instant message or riding the web. A couple of them made calls. The approach of present day innovation could be the motivation behind why a great many people want to text and surf utilizing their propelled telephones instead of calling. Since their beginning, cell phones have developed massively since the turn of the century. These days, people can utilized their modern devices to message, surf the web, explore utilizing the GPS capacity, and enthusiasm with their companions through long range informal communication locales, for example, face book and twitter. Cell phone, for example, the iPhone are presently assuming the lead job in this viewpoint. These telephones have PC like working framework that can deal with a wide range of uses, for example, games applications, Twitter, Facebook, shopping aides, café aides, and the sky is the limit from there. Conventional cell phones are not amassing dust, however. Scores of the most up to date models have enormous presentations, consoles, and Internet capacities. Their applications and email and are not as evolved when contrasted with advanced cells, however they’re simple to utilize (Consumer

Pest Analysis

Nazi Leaders in World War II Numerous individuals have added to the savage treatment of human creatures, explicitly Jews, in Nazi Germany during the subsequent World War. This is a report on the harm did by a portion of the Nazi hoodlums working under the standard of Adolf Hitler. Numerous individuals contributed in Hitler's endeavor to complete his 'Last Solution'. Among these individuals are Ernst Roehm, Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Himmler, what's more, Hermann Wilhelm Goering. While I examine how they participated in World War Two, remember their activities will, and have, left a blemish on the world until the end of time. Little is thought about Ernst Roehm's adolescence. He was a calm kid who never went trying too hard to find something and didn't communicate contempt towards anybody, generally on the grounds that his folks were Libertarians and never focused on the governmental issues in Germany's heartland. In school, Hitler's thoughts and ideas strongly affected Roehm's character. Despite the fact that Roehm never graduated, he joined the Free Corps, a gathering of troopers devoted to changing shameful acts in the German government. Sooner or later, Roehm began to become worn out on the Free Corp's non- brutal style, and he was enticed to be a greater amount of a dissident in government change. Hitler, hoping to enroll individual officials in his plan, at that point in it's outset, loved Roehm's solid nearness and character. Roehm, jobless and no place to go, joined Hitler's office. After Hitler was chosen into office a few years after the fact, he split his tyranny into various divisions. Roehm, being one of the unique officials, was picked as leader of the Sturmabteilung, or SA, regularly alluded to as the Brownshirts and tempest troopers. By 1932, the Brownshirts had arrived at in excess of 400,000 individuals. A wide range of men who Hitler saw fit enough to join were individuals. Among them were ex-Free Corps fighters like Roehm, understudies who couldn't discover employments, businesspeople who left business or weren't gainful enough, the jobless, uneducated, and normal hoodlums. As you can it's obvious, they were a differing bundle. Roehm had full control over where they showed and dissented. What was their motivation? None truly. They were simply a thought of Hitler's to spread his fame, also as the Nazi Party's. They meandered the boulevards of Munich, frequently alcoholic, singing supremacist refrains from melodies, beating anybody they thought, making a decision about just from appearance who they thought was a Jew or a Socialist. Roehm shouted to the walking storm-troopers, We will fight our approach to enormity. He appreciated viciousness for the wellbeing of it's own, furthermore, he is cited as saying to journalists after they torched a fit burger joint, in which he likewise had the left half of his nose shot off, Since I am a youthful and devilish man, war and agitation bid to me more than request. In one occurrence, Joseph Goebbels and Hermann Goering, heads of other Nazi divisions, envious of Roehm and the rest of the Brownshirt's open notoriety, despite the fact that they had more power inside, plotted against Roehm and the tempest troopers. They fashioned letters and reports to Hitler in Roehm's name, in which admissions of high treachery were composed. Numerous individuals from the storm-troopers were executed. At the point when Hitler himself came to participate in the executions, they began shouting Heil Hitler, the salute to Hitler. Hitler understood that the reports had been manufactured, and let the rest, including Roehm go free. Hitler and the tempest troopers never discovered who had thought of them. Another episode of an a lot more noteworthy greatness was 'the evening of long blades', on June 30, 1934. Hitler cut off relations with all his individual branches aside from the SS. He let most of all go, aside from individuals from the tempest troopers. They were all executed, and Roehm demanded that Hitler murder him. He felt some other individual to execute him would be viewed as unfaithful to Hitler and an undignified passing. Hitler murdered him and in all of World War Two Ernst Roehm remained the main individual to bite the dust by Hitler's shots. Another partner in crime of Hitler's, Joseph Goebbels, conceived in 1897, in Rheydt, Germany and the child of workers, presumably had the most impact on Germany's general public and open life. A youth bone sickness hindered his development, so he didn't develop more than

Hobbling and Cobbling

Stumbling and Cobbling Stumbling and Cobbling Stumbling and Cobbling By Maeve Maddox I could scarcely accept my ears toward the beginning of today when I heard a profoundly taught writer being met on NPR about another book. An alum of two esteemed Eastern colleges, the creator discussed â€Å"hobbling together† a political collusion. She implied â€Å"cobbling together.† Normally, I jumped on the Web to check whether any other person was abusing this typical statement. The accompanying models show that many speakers are: I could scarcely totter together a few clasps from wagnaria some sound from hockey features and some audio cues in Imovie That is the enormous defect with my vehicle a VW. No cupholders aside from one for the rearward sitting arrangement. Ive needed to totter together reseller's exchange bits to hold my coffee.â I at long last had the opportunity to limp together an open source adaptation of the headless Raspberry Pi config interface I’ve been dealing with. It’s not simply the tweeters and the bloggers: Eagan’s lead trainer Mike Taylor needed to totter together a line-up subsequent to losing both first line wings to injury the prior night. Worldwide markets USA: Bruised PC goliaths limp together (feature over a tale about a Compaq-HP merger) I even discovered the adjusted articulation in printed books. Here’s one model: The Babylonian universe, or if nothing else the image of it that researchers have figured out how to limp together throughout the most recent two centuries, presents us with a scene at this point very recognizable to the peruser Utilized allegorically, the articulation â€Å"to cobble together† implies â€Å"To set up or join generally or cumbersomely, normally from odds and ends of whatever materials are accessible. The action word cobble, of obscure beginning, as of now had the importance of â€Å"to repair clumsily† or â€Å"to fix up† in the fifteenth century. In the sixteenth century it was utilized to portray the retouching of shoes; a shoemaker was a mender of shoes. Shakespeare plays with the word cobble in Act One, scene one of Julius Caesar (1599); a brazen ordinary person offers to â€Å"cobble† a tribune. Here are a few instances of the articulation being utilized effectively: Specialists cobble together low maintenance employments to make portfolio vocations Subordinate Professors Try to Cobble Together a Full Workload BJP would like to cobble together union in TN Lower Makefield authorities cobble together $3.5M to pay judgment in prominent space case including green land The articulation â€Å"to hobble† intends to attach an animal’s feet together to keep it from wandering. Metaphorically, it intends to hinder a person or thing. For instance, an absence of cash could stumble a company’s endeavors to draw out another item. Here are a few models from the web where limp is utilized effectively: U.S. says worldwide exertion has stumbled a cybercrime ring Lewisville zoning augmentation exertion limped in N.C. House Markets stumbled by low unpredictability Training Your Horse to Stand Hobbled On the off chance that something is being assembled from odds and ends, it’s being cobbled together. On the off chance that something is being disabled, it’s being tottered. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†Capitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsQuiet or Quite?

Behavioral Psychology - Free Essay Example

Briefly outline Behaviourism. How does this theory aid in an understanding of disruptive behaviour, and what are the limitations of this approach? Behaviourism Behaviourism was the primary psychological paradigm of the early twentieth century and is characterised by the work of Watson (1913) and Skinner (1976). It is an approach to learning that focuses on observable and quantifiable behaviour and discounts the need to refer to mental processes (Pritchard, 2009). Knowledge is seen as a repertoire of behaviours that are largely passive, mechanical responses to environmental stimuli (Wray, 2010). In order to describe this knowledge, no reference to internal, mental processes are needed, and instead, someone is said to understand something if they possess the appropriate repertoire of behaviours. Behaviourists believe that the aim of education is to provide learners with the appropriate repertoire of responses to specific stimuli. Information, in the form of the appropriate behaviour for a certain stimulus, is transmitted from the teacher to the learner and learning is described as the acquisition of a new behaviour or the modification of behaviour as a result of teaching, training or tutoring (Woollard, 2010, p. 1). Behavioural responses are reinforced through the use of an effective reinforcement schedule which breaks down material into a sequence of small tasks, consistently repeats the material, and provides positive reinforcement to corr ect responses (Skinner, 1976).ÂÂ   As such, teaching methods includes techniques such as learning by rote, skill and drill, and question and answer tasks that gradually increase in difficulty, as these techniques are able to break down material into smaller pieces and allow for the consistent repetition needed for learning to take place (Wray, 2010). It is also believed that teaching should be carefully planned and systematic, regularly testing learners behaviours in order to monitor their progress and provide feedback on their learning (Cox, 2004). Behaviourism as a method of teaching and learning content has received considerable criticism in recent years and has generally fallen out of favour, not least because of its disregard of what goes on within a learners head and its rejection of the importance of the mental processes the learner engages in (Bartlett and Burton, 2012). However, in the field of behaviour management, behaviourism is still an important influence and a number of behaviour management approaches and techniques draw from this field of psychology. Behaviourist Behaviour Management From a behaviourist perspective, all behaviour is considered to be a repertoire of responses to a particular stimulus. Appropriate responses can be taught and learnt through the use of an effective reinforcement schedule. Therefore, from this perspective, disruptive behaviour is considered to be an undesirable response to a set of stimuli, and children can be taught more desirable responses through the use of reinforcement. Using this basic theory, behaviourism has had considerable influence on classroom management techniques and the encouragement of appropriate behaviours in the classroom. Using a behaviourist perspective, Merrett and Wheldall (2012, p. 19) recommend using a positive teaching approach to establish the context for appropriate classroom behaviour, characterised by the following five basic principles: It is concerned with the observable, i.e. behaviour; It is assumed that behaviour is learned; Learning involves change in behaviour; Changes in behaviour depend mainly upon consequences; Behaviours are also governed by the contexts in which they appear. This approach emphasises how appropriate behaviour can be taught and learned through the use of behaviourist principles. The teacher firstly identifies the behaviours that they consider to be desirable and those that are considered to be disruptive and undesirable and then communicates these rules to the learners. The teacher then rewards the learners who display the desirable behaviour, thus changing behaviour through showing the learners the positive consequences of displaying appropriate behaviour (Pritchard, 2009). Behaviour management approaches such as assertive discipline follow a similar pattern. In this case, a series of rules are established, there are rewards for those who follow the rules and consequences for those who do not, and these rewards and consequences are consistently applied (Canter and Canter, 1992). Current government guidelines for the management of behaviour in UK schools also adopt such an approach (DfE, 2011). Behaviourist principles can also be used to help understand disruptive behaviour once it occurs. From a behaviourist perspective, the understanding of disruptive behaviour does not require any consideration of the learners internal mental states or consciousness as it is believed that states such as belief, motivation, and satisfaction can be understood through an examination of the manifested behaviour (Woollard, 2010). Instead, an analysis of disruptive behaviour requires only an examination of the behaviour itself and the context in which the behaviour occurs with no reference to the learners mental processes. Behaviour is examined in terms of what comes either before or after the manifested behaviour using a model known as the ABC model, where: Antecedent: what happens in the context prior to the observable behaviour; Behaviour: describes what actually happens in observable terms; Consequences: what happens immediately afterwards Roffey, 2006, p. 8 It is believed that behaviour can be changed by either changing the antecedence to the behaviour or the consequences of the behaviour. Hastings and Wheldall (1996) numerate a number of advantages of this model of understanding disruptive behaviour. They suggest that it focuses the teachers attention on what the child actually does in the B aspect; the behaviour has to be systemically observed and recorded rather than simply labelling the behaviour under the general umbrella term of disruptive. Furthermore, the teachers attention is directed towards events within the classroom that s/he has influence over and thus, can change in order to effect change in the childs behaviour. Thirdly, it is suggested that the ABC approach emphasises that the childs behaviour takes place within a particular context and that their behaviour is both influenced by the environment and that their behaviour influences what happens next in the classroom. Finally, this approach provides links between the identification of undesirable behaviour, an explanation for why it occurs, and possible strategies for changing the behaviour. Any attempt to change behaviour using this model should begin with the questions What triggered the behaviour?, in other words, the antecedence, and How is this behaviour being reinforced?, in other words, an examination of the consequences (Welsh Assembly, 2010). Antecedents to disruptive behaviour include both issues that the teachers can affect such as task difficulty, the learners engagement with the topic, the classroom seating arrangement, and their relationship with the teacher, as well as issues that the teacher has little control over, for instance the effect of the learners home environment on their learning. The ABC model suggests that teachers can use a number of preventative strategies to avoid disruptive behaviour by eliminating the antecedents to the unwanted behaviour, for example, the teacher can enforce rules through p ositive statements, they can give praise that is behaviour specific or they can change teaching to engage the interest of the learners (Gulliford and Miller, 2015). However, despite the teachers best efforts, it is highly likely that some children may still display disruptive behaviour on occasions. In this case, according to behaviourism, it is important to address the consequences of the behaviour as it may be the case that the undesirable behaviour is being reinforced by the reaction the learner provokes. For example, the child may behave badly in order to gain the teachers attention as, for some children, any attention, even negative, is better than no attention. Every time the teacher reacts, they are reinforcing the childs disruptive behaviour. Alternatively, the child may be behaving badly in order to secure a reaction from their peers, and again, if this reaction is gained, the behaviour is being reinforced (Wray, 2010). Therefore, behaviourism advocates teaching learners new repertoires of behaviour and then reinforcing this good behaviour. Equally important, the undesirable behaviour should not be reinforced. Thus, reinforcement is the key aspect of this stage; however, it should be noted that, according to behaviourism, punishments and sanctions are not a part of the reinforcement schedule (Gulliford and Miller, 2015). Instead, positive reinforcement should be used as it is argued that pleasant experiences are more likely to help learners make the desired connections between specific stimuli and the appropriate response to that stimuli (Wray, 2010). Positive reinforcement can be given in three instances (LaVigna, 2000): a reward can be given when a learner chooses a preferred behaviour, known as differential reinforcement of an alternative response; a reward can be given when the learner chooses not to commit the undesirable behaviour, known as a differential reinforcement of the omission of a response; finally, a reward can be given when the lea rner displays a lower frequency of unwanted behaviour, known as a differential reinforcement of lower rates of responding. Disruptive and undesirable behaviour should be ignored as much as possible so as not to reinforce the behaviour (Wray, 2010). Limitations of Behaviourism While behaviourism continues to exert an influence over behaviour management techniques in todays schools, it has also been criticised for its limitations. Some of these criticisms derive from the incorrect application of the approach. Martella et al. (2012), for example, suggest that behaviourist approaches to dealing with disruptive behaviour such as assertive discipline are often misused in practice as teachers often neglect the praise components and move straight to the punishments. As such, bad behaviour is being reinforced through the negative attention the learners receive and good behaviour is not being reinforced. Other criticisms focus on the limitations of the approach itself. One major criticism of behaviourism is that it does not recognise the uniqueness of the individual (Vialle et al., 2005). In the educational context, Weare (2004) suggests that behaviourist approaches to behaviour management do not work equally with all learners, and they particularly do not wor k for those who may find it difficult to fit in with the behavioural demands of the learning setting because of reasons such as cultural differences, learning difficulties, and their emotional state. Therefore, it is argued that behaviour management should take a more holistic approach and should consider the childs unique personal situation, their developmental level, cultural and social background and personality and characteristics instead of focusing on rigid norms of acceptable and unacceptable behaviour (Kay, 2006). Similarly, the behaviourist approach is also criticised for taking a simplistic approach to behaviour, largely derived from experiments on animals. Learners are considered to be passive recipients who react to various stimuli provided by the trainer, and who have little free will of their own (Wragg, 2001). This view of humans does not take into account the complex nature of human learning, and in focusing on only the observable behaviour, the learners cognition an d thinking processes are ignored. Furthermore, it is suggested that behaviour management techniques that focus only on behaviour and do not consider the mental processes of the individual are unable to change the learners cognition (Garner, 2009). This is because there is a focus on supressing bad behaviour rather than a focus on teaching learners new responses and changing long-term behaviour problems (Kearney, 2007).ÂÂ   As such, it is suggested that behaviourist approaches have little long-term effect and do not teach learners the skills to respond to situations in more appropriate ways. Finally, behaviourist approaches to behaviour management have been criticised for their focus on rewards and it has been suggested that such a focus can reduce a learners intrinsic motivation to complete tasks (Vialle et al., 2005). In other words, the learner learns not to value learning and good behaviour for its own sake, but for the extrinsic rewards they receive for behaving well and completing the tasks the teacher gives them. As such, the learner does not become a self-motivated learner, but is reliant on the approval and direction of the teacher. Conclusion In conclusion, the behaviourist approach suggests a basic ABC model for understanding disruptive behaviour through an examination of the antecedents and the consequences of the behaviour within the context in which it occurs. This approach also provides a number of suggestions for strategies for avoiding disruptive behaviour and dealing with it once it occurs. It would seem that behaviourism is a commonly used behaviour management approach; humans tend to use reinforcement in their general behaviour and research has shown that the vast majority of teachers use behaviourist principles in their behaviour management strategies (Wragg, 2001). However, given the limitations of this approach, it would perhaps be useful for teachers to be aware of different approaches to behaviour management so that the needs of each individual student can be met. References Bartlett, S., Burton, D. (2012). Introduction to Education Studies, 3rd Edition. London: Sage. Canter, L., Canter, M. (1992).AssertiveDiscipline. Santa Monica: LeeCanterAssociates. Cox, M. (2004). Childrens learning. In Nicholls, G. (Ed.). An Introduction to Teaching, 2nd Edition, pp. 38-56. London: Routledge. DfE (Department for Education). (2011). Getting the simple things right: Charlie Taylors behaviour checklists. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/283997/charlie_taylor_checklist.pdf. (Accessed October 1, 2015). Garner, P. (2009). Special Educational Needs: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge. Gulliford, A., Miller, A. (2015). Managing classroom behaviour: Perspectives from psychology. In Cline, T., Gulliford, A, Birch, S. (Eds.). Educational Psychology, 2nd Edition, pp. 223-257. London: Routledge. Hastings, N., Wheldall, K. (1996). Effective classroom behaviour management. In Croll, P., Hastings, N. (Eds.). Effective Primary Teaching: Research Based Strategies, pp. 72-86. London: David Fulton. Kay, J. (2006). Managing Behaviour in the Early Years. London: Continuum. Kearney, A. (2007). Understanding Applied Behaviour Analysis: An introduction to ABA for parents, teachers, and other professionals. London: Jessica Kingsley. LaVigna, G. (2000). Alternatives to Punishment. New York: Irvington. Martella, R.C., Nelson, J.R., Marchand-Martella, N.E., OReilly, M. (2012).Comprehensive Behavior Management: Individualized, classroom, and schoolwide approaches, 2nd Edition. London: Sage. Merrett, F., Wheldall, K. (2012). British teachers and the behavioural approach to teaching. In Wheldall. K. (Ed.). The Behaviourist in the Classroom, pp. 18-49. London: Routledge. Pritchard, A. (2009). Ways of Learning: Learning theories and learning styles in the classroom, 2nd edition. London: David Fulton. Roffey, S. (2006). Helping with Behaviour. London: Routledge. Skinner, B.F. (1976) About Behaviourism, New York: Vintage Books. Vialle, W., Lysaght, P., Verenikina, I. (2005).Psychology for Educators. London: Cengage Learning. Watson, J.B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158-178. Weare, K. (2004). Developing the Emotionally Literate School. London: Paul Chapman. Welsh Assembly. (2010). Practical Approaches to Behaviour Management in the Classroom. Cardiff: Welsh Assembly Government. Woollard, J. (2010).Psychology for the Classroom: Behaviourism. London: Routledge. Wragg, E.C. (2001). Class Management in the Secondary School. London: Routledge. Wray, D. (2010). Looking at learning. In Arthur, J., Cremin, T. (Eds.). Learning to Teach in the Primary School, 2nd Edition, pp. 41-52. London: Routledge.

Alcoholics Anonymous A History, Its Implications And The...

Alcoholics Anonymous: A History, its Implications and the Meeting Support groups, how well do support groups actually benefit individuals and how are these support groups incorporated so that the techniques can actually assist someone? In researching this particular topic of Alcoholic Anonymous the results indicated that there is a diversity of AA groups. Although they all have the same objective there are variations in methods and techniques which are implemented to be able to infiltrate the message to the individual. An example of such, is an offered AA group named Hope and healing which aims towards the same objective however gives emphasis to its information through spirituality. Alcoholic anonymous has been able to aid an array of individuals, what started as individuals looking for assistance to their own misfortune in regards to alcoholism continued by learning that they could support one another and develop a fellowship. A History Alcoholic Anonymous and its founded history is somewhat complicated however in a book written by Kertz (1979) he described that the four founding moments in the idea of Alcoholic Anonymous, were those of Dr. Carl Gustav Jung’s conversation which took place in 1931 with Rowland Hazard at the time struggling with alcoholism and attempting to find aid from Dr. Jung. However, after some months of sobriety Mr. Hazard relapsed and requested further treatment from Dr. Jung at which time Dr. Jung refused recommending that he had done allShow MoreRelatedA Study On The Psychosocial Functioning Of Married Adults2800 Words   |  12 PagesA study on the Psychosocial functioning of married adults in one year sobriety attending Alcoholic Anonymous meeting in Chennai Background Alcoholism has a wide range of consequences encompassing the individual, family, community and society at large. Statistics show that 21% of Indian adult men and 2% of Indian women consume alcohol. 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She allows herself to cry and acknowledges her feelings, but Robin has negative psychological outcomes as well. Her diagnosis of depression comes from a history of victimization starting when she was placed in foster care at a very young age. Alcoholism could have been a resultRead MoreA Research Proposal of the Effects of Online Gaming4846 Words   |  20 PagesTEN, and BattleNet are some such game systems whose principal mission is match-making. However, some of these dedicated game servers charge for online gaming which could have an significant impact on access. Gaming is inherently social. Throughout history, playing games has been closely linked with building relationships and reinforcing social hierarchies. However, with the advent of video games this social aspect of gaming quickly began to disappear. Almost all of these video games were solitaire

The Federal Reserve Open Market Committee Essay - 1560 Words

Recently, the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee (FOMC) strongly floated the idea of another interest-rate hike, with the last one being a very minor one after seven years of 0% short-term interest rates. (CITE) While the decision to raise rates may be a foregone conclusion, it is important to note the various effects such a hike will have on the economy as a whole. Everything from the housing market to debt markets to emerging markets will be affected. The ripple effect from such a decision could affect the economy for years to come. With all of these factors in mind, I believe that the Federal Reserve should raise interest rates now. Simply put, the level of interest rates affect economic decisions at every level, whether by the individual consumer, or a major corporation, or entire countries. First, we must look at the residential and commercial real estate market. Homeowners had a golden opportunity to purchase or refinance their homes between 2008 and 2015, when 30-year rates were at unusual lows. (CITE) This was of particular help when many homeowners suffered through â€Å"underwater mortgages† on homes worth less than the mortgages owed. Refinancing at a lower interest rate ensured millions of afflicted homeowners would be able to reduce their interest payments during such a troubling economic period. (CITE) But given the Federal Reserve’s likely decision to raise rates, homeowners will be at a disadvantage. The most recent (as of 12/9/2016) average 30-year fixedShow MoreRelatedThe Federal Open Market Committee1571 Words   |  7 Pageswill happen if the Federal Open Market Committee brings back up the interest rates that have been down? Since the interest rates have been down, great things for businesses and employment have been happening. If interest rates go back up, corporate finance is going to be challenged. 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The FOMC has also reported that inflation is projected toRead MoreThe Federal Reserve Board Is A Regulating Body That Determines How United States Will Lend Money Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federal Reserve Board is a regulating body that determines how United States will lend money by coordinating the banks and defining the value of the dollar. A Governor on the Federal Reserve board communicates with the twelve region s bank presidents, economic analysts, and their regional directors, and collectively define the dollar by selling long-term and short-term bonds that advance a percentage of the worth. Once an agreement has been made upon fraction percentage, banks are required toRead MoreFederal Funds On The State Of The Economy Essay1227 Words   |  5 Pages10/12/2016 Federal Funds Rate The Federal Funds Rate plays a huge role on the state of the economy in the United States. 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Market-Based Probabilities1719 Words   |  7 PagesFOMC Members Keep March Rate Hike Alive Market-based probabilities for an increase in the federal funds rate at this month’s Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting have recently surged. Originally, the emergence of hawkish views from two regional Federal Reserve Bank Presidents, namely John Williams (San Francisco) and William Dudley (New York), along with, more recently, Fed Chair Yellen have produced a significant resetting of expectations. The FOMC has become an extremely democratic institutionRead MoreProspects For The Us Economy1294 Words   |  6 Pagesthe recent softness in high-frequency data, the economy is close to full employment and growth is likely to average 2.4% in 2015. It should accelerate slightly in 2016, as the buoyant labour market will boost private consumption, offsetting some of the weakness in the industrial and trade sectors. Federal Reserve (Fed) officials have highlighted the external headwinds posed to the US economy by slowing growth in emerging countries and a continued debt ove rhang from the financial crisis. What next

How to make business presentation free essay sample

During a business deal, a very good presentation is urgently needed, moreover if the deal Is very crucial to our company or even to ourselves. When we offer our business partner our proposal, It Is very Important to us to present our proposal as impressive as possible. Many people or even company staffs still find this difficult and end up messing up the presentation. Why should this thing happen when actually there are some easy steps to overcome this problem?These are the steps to allow which Ill describe the details In each paragraph, first Is making the introduction, continuing with making the main body, and finally making the conclusion. In introduction, the first thing that you have to do is to greet your audience. For example, Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Then, you need to Introduce yourself. This Includes your name, your position In your company and the topic of your presentation. We will write a custom essay sample on How to make business presentation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After that, it is better for you to give the audience the outline of your material, so that the audience knows all the points that you are going to explain. Next, Is stating the time you need, to explain the whole presentation. And the last thing to do In your Introduction Is giving your audience the question policy statement. So, you tell them whether you want the question during the presentation or at the end of the presentation. The next step is to make the mall body. In this part, you can explain the details of the outline that you have given In your previous Introduction part.It Is better for you not to read your presentation, but explain to them instead because explaining is a roof that you have already mastered your material well before coming in front of the audience. I also suggest you to use signposts along your presentation. Signposts are words that we use to notice the audience what chapter we are In. For example, In the beginning of the body or main section, we can use Okay, so lets start with the research. and for any new section we can use Right, so lets move on to the research. The final step Is concluding your presentation.You can start by reviewing your restoration from the very beginning to the very end. Then, you can emphasize again on the points that you think essential for your audience to fully understand. After that, you have to make a conclusion about your overall presentation. You can also thank people who helped during the preparation of your take Next, you finish off and start taking question from your audience If you choose to take questions at the end of your presentation. Toward the end, it is time to thank the audience for paying attention to the presentation. So, to sum up, It only takes 3 mall steps to make a good presentation. The steps are making the introduction, the mall body, and the conclusion. In each step we have to elaborate, in order to make the audience get the impression and fully understand the presentation. But, the most important thing about presenting your material is to our material if we have not understood our own material. So, it is actually not hard to impress the audience during our presentation if you follow these three steps.

The Top Athletes Looking for an Edge and the Scien Essays - Sports

The Top Athletes Looking for an Edge and the Scientists Trying to Catch Them. Behind the scenes there will be a high-tech, high-stakes competition between Olympic athletes who use banned substances and drug testers out to catch them ByChristie Aschwanden Smithsonian Magazine | Subscribe July 2012 D eeDee Trotter was on an airplane in 2006 when she overheard a passenger seated behind her discussing the steroids scandal. Federal investigators in the Balco case, named for a lab that produced supplements, would eventually implicate more than two dozen athletes for the use of performance-enhancing drugs, including Barry Bonds, baseball's home run king, and Marion Jones, the track-and-field star, who would end up in jail, stripped of five Olympic medals. "This guy was reading the newspaper and he said, Oh, they're all on drugs,'" recalls Trotter, a runner who won a gold medal in the 4 x 400 meter relay at the 2004 Olympics. She was furious. "I turned around and said, Heyexcuse me, I'm sorry, but that's not true. I'm a professional athlete and Olympic gold medalist, and I'm not on drugs. I've never even considered it. ' " Currently vying to join the U.S. team and appear in her third Olympics, Trotter projects a sassy confidence. "It really upset me that it's perceived that waythat if she runs fast, then she's on drugs. I hated that and I gave him a little attitude." That airplane conversation prompted Trotter to create a foundation called Test Me, I'm Clean! "It gave us clean athletes a chance to defend ourselves," says Trotter. "If you see someone wearing this wristband"she holds up a rubbery white bracelet emblazoned with the group's name " it means that I am a clean athlete. I do this with hard work, honesty and honor. I don't take any outside substances." As Trotter tells me this story, I catch myself wondering if it's all just a bunch of pre-emptive PR. It pains me to react this way, but with doping scandals plaguing the past three Summer Olympics and nearly every disgraced athlete insisting, at least initially, that he or she is innocent, it's hard to take such protestations at face value. My most profound disillusionment came from a one-time friend, Tyler Hamilton, my teammate on the University of Colorado cycling team. When he won a gold medal in the time trial at the 2004 Olympics, I was thrilled to see someone I'd admired as honest and hardworking reach the top of a sport that had been plagued by doping scandals. But in the days that followed, a new test implicated Hamilton for blood doping. His supporters began hawking "I Believe Tyler" T-shirts, and he took donations from fans to fund his defense. The evidence against him seemed indisputable, but the Tyler I knew in college was not a cheat or liar. So I asked him straight-out if he was guilty. He looked me in the eye and told me he didn't do it. Last year, after being subpoenaed by federal investigators, Hamilton finally confessed and returned his medal. The downfall of Olympic heroes has cast a cloud of suspicion over sports. And the dopers' victims aren't just the rivals from whom they stole their golden podium moments but every clean athlete whose performance is greeted with skepticism. Doping, or using a substance to enhance performance, is nothing new. Contrary to romantic notions about the purity of Olympic sports, ancient Greeks ingested special drinks and potions to give them an edge, and at the 1904 Games, athletes downed potent mixtures of cocaine, heroin and strych - nine. For most of Olympic history, using drugs wasn't considered cheating. Then, in the 1960 Olympics, Danish cyclist Knut Jensen passed out during a race, cracked his skull and later died. The coroner blamed the death on amphetamines, and the case led to anti-doping rules. Drug testing began with the 1968 Games, with a goal to protect athlete health. In addition to short-term damage, certain drugs also appear to increase the risk of heart disease and possibly cancer. The original intent of anti-doping rules was to prevent athletes from dropping dead of overdoses, but over the years the rules have come to focus just as intently on

Happy Are Those Who Lose Imagination Essays

Happy Are Those Who Lose Imagination Essays Happy Are Those Who Lose Imagination Essay Happy Are Those Who Lose Imagination Essay They no longer are phased by the bones that they walk all over of their fellow comrades, they fail to show empathy for those around them and they cannot even bring homeless to make Jokes to try and lift the spirits of themselves and their friends. This is all a result of being exposed to the front line for so long. At first, we are baffled at this statement made by Owen, simply because In other poems, he tries to portray a sense of compassion towards those that die at War. The attitude that Is conveyed In Apologia Pro pomade and Dulcet Et Decorum Est In particular Is one of disappointment at the public for not showing enough sympathy. In Apologia, Owen even redefines beauty as the bonds that are formed in confined environments like hose at War. Therefore, in terms of this form of insensitiveness Owen opposes his usual messages in Insensibility. In the middle of the first stanza, Owen makes a bold statement, a lone sentence; The front line withers. , implying that it resembles flowers shrilling and dying. He then brings us back to reality and reminds us that the truth Is not flowers that are dying, but real men. He goes against the poetic click © of the men being compared to flowers, and strongly focuses on actuality. : This could be where Owen first addresses the topic of Imagination In his poem. HIS unwillingness to promote men as metaphoric resemblances to flowers could be an example of how he thought imagination to be pathetic. However, the idea of one being better off without it is not really evident in this stanza because by highlighting the reality of men dying, he is causing no Joy but more upset if anything. The third stanza opens with Happy are those who lose imagination; the same type of opening sentence as the others. Here, Owen creates the image of men who have been weakened to the state where they have been reduced to robot like creatures, only carrying out their duties, having lost the ability to think for themselves. This insensibility Is extended to the point where they do not even feel pain as their wounds can not more ache. Being surrounded by the red of blood has no affect on them any longer as they have become so used to It. Their eyes are rid of all the pain around them and they do not contemplate It to be anything out of the ordinary. I nose men nave Eden Don unearned Ana weakened to ten pilot winner teen can even laugh [at] the dying. With this, Owen is saying that these reduced men and owe numb to their surroundings and happenings; as they are numb, they are able to withstand the pain and not be affected by it. In the environment of war, where happiness ceases to exist, the next best thing to feel, is nothing. When you feel nothing, you do not feel pain or fear and so one could interpret this lack of sadness, as happiness. However, it is only really in the first part of the stanza that Owen conveys this message where imagination is a burden to the soldiers. The idea of men who are emotionless and have no imagination is no more appealing than the image f corpses and so Owens message could be more complex than the one of soldiers being better off without imagination. It could agree that being numb is less damaging than being vulnerable but it also builds up the image of these men acting like zombies. It treats imagination like something that can cause unbearable pain, but something that we all should have as humans. The fourth stanza elaborates on the message that is created in the first three. It mentions the innocent men who would sing along while marching unaware of what lies ahead. In comparison to those are the men who have been trained and have to make decisions rather than to simply follow orders. Their naivety is almost something to new and so in this case, lack of knowledge and imagination is something that is a form of protection against harsh reality. It could be construed that Owen does actually new those who do not suffer from the troubled thoughts that he does but who instead have no imagination. However, in the last stanza, Owen criticizes this same insensitivity to surroundings and War on the home front. He describes these men as stones because of their lack of emotion and feeling for the men suffering. He may even be cursing them with death as stones could be taken as tombstones. Owens greatest condemnation of those on the home front is that unlike the soldiers, it was by choice they made themselves immune and so it was their conscious decision to pay no attention to the countless number of losses at War. In this case, he despises those who do not have, or choose not to have the moral capacity to empathic and use their minds to help. The irregularity of the poem takes the attention away from the structure and sheds more light onto what Owen actually wants to be read. The use of paraphrase works in the same way; words such as shilling and shelling, and rid and red bring the focus more onto the meaning of his words rather than the sound of them. In many of his poems, Owen addresses this criticism of the home front being ignorant by choice to the suffering at War which include Dulcet et Decorum Est and Apologia Pro Pomade Memo.

Airplane accidents causes and prevention Research Paper

Airplane accidents causes and prevention - Research Paper Example The improved aviation operations enabled the aircraft to go on extended flights which it did not before this Act because there were more accidents in the early nineteenth century and no detailed investigation was performed. However, it is still important to understand what the main causes of airplane accidents are and what steps can be taken to improve the aviation so that air accidents can be avoided. Most often, it is the human error that causes crashes (Mello et al., 2008). Sometimes, the pilots are very experienced due to which they get over confident and tend to be careless. For example, running out of gasoline while the plane is on flight is a result of human carelessness when he thinks that he has enough to fly to the destination. There are a lot of issues while flying that may demand more gasoline than usual. This makes the pilot force landing which is in no way out of danger. McCormick and Papadakis (2003, p.4) state that there are a lot of reasons that cause aircraft components to fail and become a cause for airplane accident. Either there is a fault in the manufacturing of a certain part or more load than usual has been placed on it that causes it to malfunction. The structure may have been poorly designed so as to stimulate stress concentrations which result in fatigue collapse (McCormick & Papadakis). The authors assert that: Any aircraft flying can be torn apart by pulling back hard on the wheel at an excessive speed and thereby producing loads exceeding the ultimate values for which it was designed. A pilot may fly through severe turbulence, like a thunder storm, thereby causing high loads (p.4). It may happen that the aircraft design is such that an average pilot finds it hard to operate it. The controls may be improperly placed inside the cockpit enhancing the probability that the pilot mistakenly gives an incorrect control input. Mechanical components like gearboxes and couplings may

Family in Europe History Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Family in Europe History - Coursework Example The Gratian solution to this problem was to suggest that marriage occurs in two stages, the first when consent is made and the second following intercourse. Although marriage was valid and binding after consent, it was made more intimate and complete only after intercourse. While this validated Mary and Joseph’s marriage, it still indicated their marriage wasn’t totally complete because, of course, Mary was a virgin. As a result, this solution didn’t satisfy the Christian concerns. The Lombard solution relied on semantics. Rather than suggesting that simple consent was necessary, Lombard suggested that this consent had to be made in the present tense, which distinguishes it as a marriage contract, therefore making Mary and Joseph’s marriage complete. This was distinguishable from a betrothal simply because it was uttered in the present tense; betrothals were made in future tense. Because it satisfied both concerns regarding how to distinguish marriage from betrothal and validated the marriage of Jesus and Mary, this definition of marriage was accepted, but it also introduced a significant shift in family power as regional lords, the church and the parents all lost the ability to forbid marriage, retaining only the power to disapprove of it. The agnatic lineage traces family kinship ties through the father’s line only. The women were completely ejected from the equation and any sense that the matrilineal line is the only sure line of descent was lost. This caused women to lose a great deal of their worth. As mentioned, they were no longer important to the family line other than to provide the means of acquiring the next generation. This loss caused them to also lose any claims of inheritance or particular care within their childhood family unit. Once they were married, they ceased to be of any importance to their birth family at all as any of their labors and the children they bear then belong to the family of the husband. By removing half of

Political Science Critique Essay Example for Free

Political Science Critique Essay Why is it to be changed? For as a citizen of the Philippines experiencing simple life can see this problem in our country. It is said in the sections that â€Å"official language is the prescribed medium of communication in the government, courts and schools. It may not be the national language†. Including with this, the official language of the Philippines are Filipino and English. And that is the error of this part of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. We should not include ENGLISH as an official language of our country. First, is it implication that Americans are still in our culture especially in our Constitution. Second, we must have only one official language for us Filipinos will not be confused. It is acceptable that if we will use ENGLISH language in the school because it is a place of learning. But in the government and courts we should not use ENGLISH language. By this act we insult other FILIPINOS. Why? Let us accept the fact that some of the FILIPINOS are trying hard understanding or speaking in ENGLISH and some of the FILIPINOS are what we call â€Å"mangmang†. How can the â€Å"maralitang mga-tiga lungsod† understand these things? We should consider their or should I say our capabilities. For some instance, In having a hearing in the congress by speaking in ENGLISH we think that the whole Philippines got it? NO!, considering that some of the topics are not understandable because we can’t relate because they use such highfaluting words. It is said that Filipinos are the master of the country but how can that be if they can’t understand what we’re trying to implement in their land also how can we get their opinions if they can’t understand it. Second instance, In having trials, mostly fair and poor persons are always convicted due to poverty. If I am in their situation having a trial that I can’t understand, It is a big insult. To sum this up, In Philippines we should consider first our own before anything else. And solving problems should start in little problems like these because we can fixed thing starting in little not in big ones. And some little things like these is the mode and kind of communication in our country. NEW PROVISION: The national and official language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing  Philippine and other languages. Filipino and English languages as a medium of official communication of instruction in educational system but In Government and Courts the medium of communication shall be our national language.

Rhetoric In The Media Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times we hear things through media and don’t actually listen to what they may say. When people hear something through mass media, they don’t realize that there is a person’s point of view stated in the story. And many times what people don’t see is that there is no such thing as an objective point of view. This is called Rhetoric; when someone states their point of view using words that either sway an audiences opinions one way or another. Rhetoric can be found in many places such as a T.V add or a commercial, magazine articles and advertisements, the news, and even radio commercials.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Watching the regular news as I frequently do, I always hear the way a reporter speaks about a topic and immediately I know the view that that particular reporter takes. This happens in many instances, but one time in particular caught my attention. A reporter was doing a story on vandalism. Usually you hear about vandalism on abortion clinics and harassment of that sort, and usually the reporter uses the words â€Å"Anti-abortionists† to describe the people who commit these crimes. One the other hand this time was different. The reporter was doing a story on vandalism that happened on a church billboard, outside the church, and the billboard said something having to do with pro-life and the choice that they believed in. Later that night there was a huge black question mark that was spray painted on that saying. The reporter desc... Rhetoric In The Media Essay -- essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times we hear things through media and don’t actually listen to what they may say. When people hear something through mass media, they don’t realize that there is a person’s point of view stated in the story. And many times what people don’t see is that there is no such thing as an objective point of view. This is called Rhetoric; when someone states their point of view using words that either sway an audiences opinions one way or another. Rhetoric can be found in many places such as a T.V add or a commercial, magazine articles and advertisements, the news, and even radio commercials.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Watching the regular news as I frequently do, I always hear the way a reporter speaks about a topic and immediately I know the view that that particular reporter takes. This happens in many instances, but one time in particular caught my attention. A reporter was doing a story on vandalism. Usually you hear about vandalism on abortion clinics and harassment of that sort, and usually the reporter uses the words â€Å"Anti-abortionists† to describe the people who commit these crimes. One the other hand this time was different. The reporter was doing a story on vandalism that happened on a church billboard, outside the church, and the billboard said something having to do with pro-life and the choice that they believed in. Later that night there was a huge black question mark that was spray painted on that saying. The reporter desc...

Weapons and Personal Protective Equipment

When protecting individuals from others that may wish to do them harm, kidnap them, or just be near them because they think that the person he or she is stalking is theirs in some way it is important to protect oneself first. In today’s world of popularity of movie stars and political figures it has become more increasingly important for those individuals to hire personal protective agents. For an agent to do the best job that they can they must first protect him or herself or he or she will not be able to protect his or her client. The use of personal protective equipment and weapons has become more popular then it was in the past. Personal protection agents must worry about the use of weapons, personal protection equipment, and the use of force so they can protect themselves and their client to the fullest. Weapons When protecting someone from would be attackers or those that wish to harm the client the use of weapons may be necessary. Many different types of weapons are available for agents to use. Non-lethal weapons like tasers, stun guns, pepper spray, bean bag guns, and rubber bullets. These weapons are all designed to slow down the individual and allow the agent to take control of the situation by restraining the attacker. Non-lethal weapons are designed to allow the agent to resolve a dangerous situation. The use of non-lethal weapons by personal protection agents can de-escalate a situation in which, greater force may have been used. Not all situations can be resolved by the use of non-lethal weapons. In the situations that require an agent to carry a gun or a lethal weapon the agent must first receive the proper training on the use of the weapon. Each state has different guidelines on the use of firearms and restrictions of who can possess a firearm. When the agent becomes fully trained in the use of a firearm and obtains the proper permits and licensing the agent protects his or her self from many civil liabilities. When an agent has been properly trained this will help to eliminate any unnecessary accidents. Proper training will allow the agent to assess the situation entirely before he or she discharges a weapon and injures an innocent by-stander. Weapons will allow the agent to fully protect him or herself, and give him or her capability to protect his or her principal to the fullest. When a dangerous situation arises a protection agent must be ready to do whatever it takes to keep his or her principal safe. By arming themselves with either non-lethal or lethal weapons they can ensure that the principal is well protected. Personal Protection Equipment According to a 1997 Bureau of Justice Statistics survey of 700 state and local law enforcement agencies with 100 or more officers, approximately 40% of sheriff's and municipal police departments, and 25% of state and country police departments require all field officers to wear body armor, compared to slightly less than 30% in the same survey conducted in 1993 (Body Armor, 2009). The top five threats that face police officers and protection agents are blunt trauma, hypodermic needles, knives, bullets, and homemade and pointed weapons. Along with weapons agents must also protect themselves with life-saving equipment. The use of bullet-proof vests and body armor will help the agent to prevent him or herself from being fatally shot while on duty. By requiring the principal wear a vest also this will increase the survival of the principal. The use of body armor will help to defuse a potentially fatal situation. It is important for agents to remember that the decision to choose a protective equipment item should not be because it is comfortable or it looks good on him or her. The choice of protective gear should be based on the level of threats that may be present. The higher the threat level the stronger the protective gear. If it may be a fatal situation, then the agent should choose full body armor. This decision should also apply to the person who is under protection. Not all people that are being protected will require the use of such drastic equipment but by using other equipment can decrease their vulnerability. Use of Force The use of force has always been a questionable tactic in law enforcement and security fields. Everyone always questions how much force is needed, was the force justifiable and could the officer have done something differently to deter the use of force. By teaching officers and protection agents what is the appropriate level of force and in what situations force can be stronger will help to prevent unnecessary questioning by the public and the media. Most agencies have guidelines and policies that outline the use of force. These guidelines describe the escalating continuum that is appropriate for officers and agents to use. The use of force continuum is designed into five separate levels. Level one is the simple presence of an officer or agent. The agent is non-threatening and professional, and the mere presence of the agent is to act as deterrence for an attacker. Level two is the verbalization level. This is when an agent uses verbal commands such as please step back, stop, or do not move to make the individual to stop his or her approach. This is a non-physical stage and is used to let the attacker know that there is someone present to stop him or her if he or she continues. Level three is the empty hand technique. Officers or agents use two types of empty hand techniques. The first is a soft empty hand technique and is the use of grabs, holds, and joint locks to restrain the individual. The second is hard empty hand techniques and the agent uses punches or kicks to subdue the attacker. This step is used when the attacker is noncompliant to the first two levels of the continuum. This level is also used in conjunction with level two, the use of verbal commands such as stop or I will have to restrain you. Level four is the use of less than lethal methods. This level is broke down into three sections. The first is blunt impact, the use of a baton or a projectile to immobilize the individual. The second is the use of chemicals. These can include pepper spray, mace, tear gas, or other chemical sprays that are used to immobilize the attacker. The third type of less than lethal force is the use of conducted energy devices. Officers or agents may use CEDs to immobilize an individual. CEDs discharge a high-voltage, low-amperage jolt of electricity at a distance (U. S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs, 2009). The final level of the use of force continuum is lethal force. This is the final choice among agents and officers. Lethal force is only used when all the other levels have been exhausted and the agent or officer is left with no other choice then to use lethal force. It should only be used if the suspect poses a serious threat to the agent or the principal. The use of force must be justified in any case and the agent must be able to clearly state why he or she believed the level of force that was used was needed. In no circumstances should an agent use force if there is no reason for its use. When confronted by a situation, it is not uncommon for an agent of officer to move from one level to the next of the continuum within a matter of seconds. Situations can escalate from non-threatening and not serious to lethal within seconds. It is all on how the situation is dealt with and how determined the individual who is posing the threat is to escalate the situation. Summary Whenever an agent is assigned to a protective detail, it is important for them to make sure that they assess the situation for every aspect that is needed to determine the level of protection for his or her principal. When protecting individuals, it is important to remember that every aspect of the detail is assessed and that the agent communicates fully with his or her team. This will allow the agent and others involved to make sure that there will be no surprises and that he or she are ready for anything that may happen. Agents can never underestimate their potential adversaries. If they do they may not be fully prepared for what is about to happen. They must also protect themselves with weapons and personal protection equipment so that they are not harmed. This will help to increase the success of the assignment and will ensure that the principal is well guarded. Agents must also be trained and knowledgeable in the use of force continuum. This will keep them from committing a needless mistake while protecting their principal. By being fully trained and completely prepared for assignments personal protection agents can do their job better and give their principal the opportunity to relax with the knowledge that they are fully protected no matter what may arise.

Should Christians Care About The Increasing Income...

Should Christians Care About The Increasing Income Inequality In The U.S.? There is a story in the bible of a rich young man who asks Jesus what it takes to have eternal life. Jesus begins by telling the rich young man to obey all the commandments. The rich young man claims he has already done so and asks what else he needs to do. Jesus answers the rich young man, saying, â€Å"If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give it to the poor. Then come follow me.† (Matthew 19:16-30, Mark 10:17-31, and Luke 18:18-30) This encounter is the only recorded account of Jesus being asked, specifically and directly, what it takes to have eternal life. Jesus teaches that when his followers ignore the poor and marginalized, they ignore Jesus†¦show more content†¦Today, half of all Americans are considered poor or low-income. Christians have earned a reputation for many things as it pertains to social issues. Some Christians reject equal rights for homosexuals because, in their interpretation, the Bible casts homosexuality as an abomination. Some Christians across the south burn textbooks that include evolution because it does not align with their reading of the creation story in Genesis. Some extreme Christians even bomb abortion clinics in protest because abortion is an attack on the sanctity of life. But where are the Christians holding ‘Judge Not Lest You Be Judged’ (Matthew 7:1) signs? If some Christians claim to take the Genesis creation story so seriously, why have they not turned into environmentalists who take serious the first commandment: to take care of the earth? And if some Christians are so concerned about the sanctity of human life, what are they advocating to ensure the sanctity of life after a child is born? There are over two thousands verses in the Bible that deal with the issue of the poor. 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